Photo of Upper Devonian rock strata from Letchworth State Park, New York.

New York Earth Science Quick Facts

Page snapshot: New York State Geologic MapFossil; 3D modelsRock; Mineral; GemHighest and Lowest Elevations; Places to Visit; and Additional Resources.

Image above: Upper Devonian rock strata exposed in the walls of Letchworth Gorge in Letchworth State Park, New York. Letchworth is commonly called the "Grand Canyon of the East." Photo by Kiera D. Crowley.

Geologic Map of New York


Geologic map of New York.

Geologic map of New York showing maximum ages of mappable units. Image by Kiera D. Crowley for the Earth@Home project developed using QGIS and USGS data (public domain) from Fenneman and Johnson (1946) and Horton et al. (2017).

New York State Fossil: Sea Scorpion

The sea scorpion Eurypterus remipes was named New York's state fossil in 1983. This species lived in the Silurian period roughly 410 million years ago, and could grow up to ~8 inches long. 


Photograph of a specimen of the sea scorpion Eurypterus remipes from the Silurian of New York.

Complete specimen of Eurypteris remipes from the Silurian Bertie Limestone, Herkimer County, New York (PRI 70770).

3D Models of fossils from New York


Fossil rugose coral Heliophyllum delicatum from the Devonian of Central New York (PRI 50359). Specimen is from the collections of the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. Longest dimension of specimen is approximately 23 cm.

Fossil specimen of the brachiopod Mediospirifer audaculus from the Middle Devonian Moscow Formation of Livingston County, New York (PRI 70767). Specimen is from the collections of the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. Longest dimension of specimen is approximately 5 cm. Model by Emily Hauf.


Fossil specimen of the glass sponge Hydnoceras tuberosum from the Devonian of Steuben County, New York (PRI 76741). Specimen is from the collections of the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. Length of specimen is approximately 26 cm. Model by Emily Hauf.

Fossil specimen of the gastropod Platyostoma gebhardi from the Devonian of Schoharie, New York (PRI 76747). Specimen is from the collections of the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. Longest dimension of specimen is approximately 3.5 cm. Model by Emily Hauf.

Fossil specimen of the trilobite Eldredgeops rana from the Devonian Ludlowville Formation of Genesee County, New York (PRI 49811). Specimen is from the collections of the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. Trilobite is approximately 3 cm in length. Model by Emily Hauf.

Fossil specimens of the crinoid Melocrinus williamsi from the Devonian Ithaca Formation of Cortland County, New York. Specimen is from the collections of the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. Specimen preserves mineralized hard parts (stem segments) and external molds of stem segments and the calyx. Siltstone slab is approximately 29 cm in length. Model by Emily Hauf.


New York State Rock: None

New York does not yet have an official state rock.

New York State Mineral: None

New York does not yet have an official state mineral.

New York State Gem: Garnet

While garnet is found all around the world, it is particularly abundant in the state of New York, especially in the Adirondack mountains. In fact, the world's largest garnets (up to 1 meter big!) are found in Barton Mine, near Gore Mountain in the central Adirondacks. 


Image

Rock specimen with large garnets (red) in an amphibolite (grey) matrix, from Gore Mountain in the Adirondacks of northern New York. Image by James St. John (Flickr; Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license).

New York's Highest and Lowest Elevations


Topographic map of New York.

Topographic map of New York with physiographic regions and point of highest elevation identified. Topographic data are derived from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM GL3) Global 90m (SRTM_GL3) (Farr, T. G., and M. Kobrick, 2000, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission produces a wealth of data. Eos Trans. AGU, 81:583-583). Image by Kiera D. Crowley for the Earth@Home project.


Highest Elevation: Mount Marcy

At 1,629 meters (5,344 feet) above sea level, Mount Marcy, in the northeastern Adirondacks, is the highest point in the state of New York.


Photo from the rocky summit of Mount Marcy in New York

View from the summit of Mount Marcy in the Adirondack Mountains, the highest peak in the state of New York. Photo by Mark Taylor (Flickr; Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license; image cropped and resized).


Lowest Elevation: Atlantic Coast

New York's lowest points are along its Atlantic coastline, where the shore is at sea level.


Photo of skyscrapers making up the New York City skyline, as viewed from the water.

The skyline of New York City, as viewed from the water. Photo by Marc-Anthony Macon (Flickr; Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic license; image cropped and resized).

Places to Visit


Museum of the Earth

Ithaca, New York. Come visit us!


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Photo of whale skeleton hanging in the Museum of the Earth in Ithaca, New York.

North Atlantic Right Whale skeleton mounted in the Museum of the Earth in Ithaca, New York.


American Museum of Natural History

Manhattan, NYC, New York.


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Photo of African elephants mounted in the AMNH.

African elephants on display in the Akeley Hall of African Mammals at the AMNH in New York City. Photo by Kiera D. Crowley.


Penn Dixie Fossil Park & Nature Reserve

Blasdell, New York.


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Photo of rock piles with visitors hunting for fossils at Penn Dixie Fossil Park.

Visitors hunt for fossils with the experts at Penn Dixie Fossil Park. Photo by Anthony Sokolik (Flickr; Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic license; image resized).


Adirondack Park

Millions of acres in northern New York.


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Image

View of Adirondack peaks touching the clouds, from trails near the Gothics peaks and Keene Valley, New York. Photo by Kiera D. Crowley.


New York State Museum

Albany, New York.


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Photo of the exterior of the New York State Museum building.

The New York State Museum building in Albany, New York. Photo by Craig Fildes (Flickr; Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic license).

Additional resources


Simple map highlighting the different physiographic regions of the northeastern United States.